Combined leveling and stadia rod.



y l PATENTED 00T. 15, 1907. J. H ROBBRTSON. COMBINED LBVELING AND STABIA Ron.

E E, E 0 E AIPIIZIIOATIOIl FILD HAY 20, 1907.

PATENT .,oFFICE.

UNiTED .STATES .JAMES HAST'ROBERTSON; oF WILY, vlRGINIA.

j COMBINED LEVELING AND STABIA non.

To all'whom it may concern@ t `Beitlcnow-n that'I, JAMES Hasi-ROBERTSON, a citiz eu'ofthe'United lStates-and. a' resident of VVily, in the liton yoi Buckingham and State of Virginia, have invented anew .and Improved Combined Leveling and Stadiav Rod, tof which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention has reference to improvements in' combined stadiaand leveling rods, .and vits object is vto improve their graduationsfin such manner .that dis-A tances andlevels may be determined at both long and short range with celerity and certainty., This object is accomplished by a combination of colors, columns, and

. simple diagrams, the colors alternatingl with each other and dividingthe rod transverselyvinto several sections,

each-section representing the greatest division of the rod.4 'The diagrams are preferably arranged -in three columns with the length of the subdivisionsl of each column, `1n passing roma column of smaller. to larger subdivisions, bein ga constant multiple of the next succeeding column, By this arrangement and construction the graduations are'clear and distinct at-long ranges, venabling the reading to be q'uickly and accurately made.

' Reference is tol be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of .this specification, inpwhich similar.`

'characters of reference indicatefcorresponding parts in annie figures. f ,Figure is a' front face view of acombind leveling' and; stadia rod graduated in accordance with my inven tion; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of sthe same on an enlarged scale; Fig'. 3 isa viewjcorresp'onding to 1 l illustrating a slightly'modifiedorm'and arrangement of the'graduations, and Fig. 4 is. a fragmentary view of the rod shown Fig. 3.

Referring morses'peciany'w Figs. 1 mid y2, 1 indie-ate@ va combined leveling and stadia rod having the'ront face thereof divided longitudinally into three columns,

each column 'being divided into a plurality oi equal subdivisions or graduations, the length of the sub-A divisions of each column, .in passing -from a column of smallerl to largersubdivisions; being a constant multiple ofthe next succeeding column, the multiple which I have selected in theA present embodiment of my invention. being the multiple 5: in other words,- the length ofv the graduations of the left hand columnasthe readeil faces.

the drawing, is five times the .length of the graduations of the intermediate column, and the graduations of the intermediate colunmfare five times the length ofthe graduations in .the column 'at the rightv handsideof the rind. i 4

The graduations en the front face or the rod are produced in differenttcolors alternating' with 'each other and dividing 'the rod trausversclv into a seriesof secl. tions, each section being preferably of the length of four graduations of the column having the longest subdi# visions. The column of graduations having-.the short'- Specifcatin of Letters Patent. Application filed May 20,1907. Serial liq- 374,571-

ratente'a oct. 15, 1997.

" est subdivisions, which is rhere shown as arranged at the right of the rod, are each bisected by rentrant angles 2 entering the subdivision adjacent tothe outside O the rod, as illustrated in the enlarged fragmentary face view shown irrFig` 2.

In' practice I preferably make the length of the different-colored' sections of the rod twenty poles, the lengthof thegraduations in the column having the longest subdivisions will then be five poles, the subdivisions/ofthe intermediate column will then be one pole and the graduations of-the column having'the shortest subdivisions will be onelfifth of a pole, and

one-'half of each oi the smallest subdivisions produced by the rentrant angles will be one-tenth of a pole.

To read the rod, the. observer fixes the top stadia `Wire 'coincident 'With some main division on the rod and takes in at a glance all of the twenty-pole 'sections between the wires, then all of .the five-pole subdivisionsin the first columnof graduations', then all of the one-pole subdivisions 'of the intermediate column,

then all di the fractional parts of the pble of the third .column so ar as the same may be visible. If vthe distance is greater than one-fo'urtlrof a mile, the central,

horizontal wire of the telescope can be' used in, connectin'with either the bottom or' top stadia wire thereof, and distances up to half-amile can be read on the rod. The larger divisions ofthe rod are not coniusedby .the subdivisions but can be distinctly seen after the subdivisions disappear.

In the rod 1i illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, thegarrangement and construction of the graduations differ slightly,

vfrom-those appearing on the rod 1. This difference chieiiy. resides in making the length 'of theA alter- A nately colored section three feet' instead of twenty poles and'in reversing the position of the largest and sections, whereby the smallest and largest subdivi- 's'ions appear on one pair of adjacent and different co1- ored sections at the oppositeside of the'jrod from that smallest subdivisions in every other pairbf adjacent .i

of thenext succeeding pair of different colored sec.

fourth ofthe length ofl eachof the smallest subdi- .'vi'sionsto'be accuratelyread.' While for stadia reading, the"gr'adnatios aresymbols, -representing any units of, measure whatever; forllevel reading, these same graduationsfareaken at their actual value.-

VTo read the rod `for leveling, i f t he horizontal wire intersects -the oxzi-'a'blac'k space with small graduations on the the graduationstobe in feet), the readingwisnknown to be in the first 3 feet;

ii the intersection is on al'red space-With small grailuations on the right, the reading-is 3 feet plus the part of thc red space below thc lwire; if on nblack space with small graduationson the left, the reading is 6 feet plus the part oi the black space beioiv the wire;V if-on a red space With small graduations on the left, the reading is 9 feet plus the part of the red space be- 10W the Wire.

It is obvious that various forms of graduations involving thoprinciples of my` invention may be resorted to' within the scope of the annexed claims.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A stadia. rod having a tace divided transversely into a plurality of sections of equal length and of different colors alternating with each other, each section represent l ing the greatest division of the' rod and itself divided into three or more graduated columns, the length of the subdivisions of-each column, in passing from alcolumn of smaller to-larger subdivisions, being a constant multiple of the next succeeding column.

2.-A stadia rod having a fncedivirlell longitudinally into three or more graduated columns. the length ol; the subdivisions of eachi column in passing from a column of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a const-.intmultiple ot the next succeeding column.

` subdivisions of eaclrcolumm in passing from a column CorrectionsA in- Lettevr's Platent 1 No. 868,365.

of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a constant multiple oi the next succeeding column, and rentrant angles 'nrranged :it one edge of the rod bisecting` the 4smallest sub divisions.

5. A-studia and leveling rod having a face divided longiof the subdivisions of one column being a multiple of the length oi' the subdivisions of`tlie next adjacent column, said columns being transversely divided into equdlstant sections of different colors alternating with each other, with the smallest and largest subdivisions vin the columns of alternate pairs of sections being arranged at opposite sides of the rod from the corresponding subdivisions in the next succeeding pairs of sections. p

7. A stadia and leveling rod having a face divided longitudinally into'n plurality ot graduated columns', the length of the subdivisions of one column being a multipleot the `lengtli of the subdivisions of the next' adjacent column, and successively increasing or decreasing in passing from one side of the-rod to the other each subdivision of the columnbaving the shortest subdivisions being bisected by a `reentrant angle, 'and a ligure located on cach short subdivision operating, in connection with the rentrant angle, to divide said subdivision into four parts.

8. A stadia and leveling rod having a face longitudinally divided into three graduated columns,`the length ot' the subdivisions of each column in passing from n column of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a multiple of the next succeeding column, rentrant angles formed at one edge of the rod bisecting' the subdivisions ot one of said columns, said last-named subdivisions each having a rectangular figure thereon operating in connection with its respective rentrant angle to divide the subdivision in'to four parts,

and a diamond-shaped figure bisecting the intermediate column.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of'two subscribing witness s..

JQXMES HAST ROBERTSON.

each subdivision of 'itnesses G. A'. ELCoR, .13. C. Mosnnnr. Y f

It is hereby'certiied that the' name of the patentee in Letters Patent No. 868.365, granted October 15,-1907,.f0r an improvement in .aCombineCi Leveling and Stadia Rod, was erroneously written and printed James Hast Robertson#7 Whereas said4 nameshould, have been written and printed James Har Robertson, and the name of the firstmentioned Witness should be G.,A. Elcan instead oi'V G. A. Elcor; and that the said Letters Patent should be read withthese corrections therein that the same may conformto the record of the case'in the Patent OHice. l

signed and sealed this 7th day of January, A. D., 1908.

o. o. BILLINGS,

Acting Commissioner o f Patents.

feet), the readingwisnknown to be in the first 3 feet;

ii the intersection is on al'red space-With small grailuations on the right, the reading-is 3 feet plus the part of thc red space below thc lwire; if on nblack space with small graduationson the left, the reading is 6 feet plus the part oi the black space beioiv the wire;V if-on a red space With small graduations on the left, the reading is 9 feet plus the part of the red space be- 10W the Wire.

It is obvious that various forms of graduations involving thoprinciples of my` invention may be resorted to' within the scope of the annexed claims.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A stadia. rod having a tace divided transversely into a plurality of sections of equal length and of different colors alternating with each other, each section represent l ing the greatest division of the' rod and itself divided into three or more graduated columns, the length of the subdivisions of-each column, in passing from alcolumn of smaller to-larger subdivisions, being a constant multiple of the next succeeding column.

2.-A stadia rod having a fncedivirlell longitudinally into three or more graduated columns. the length ol; the subdivisions of eachi column in passing from a column of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a const-.intmultiple ot the next succeeding column.

` subdivisions of eaclrcolumm in passing from a column CorrectionsA in- Lettevr's Platent 1 No. 868,365.

of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a constant multiple oi the next succeeding column, and rentrant angles 'nrranged :it one edge of the rod bisecting` the 4smallest sub divisions.

5. A-studia and leveling rod having a face divided longiof the subdivisions of one column being a multiple of the length oi' the subdivisions of`tlie next adjacent column, said columns being transversely divided into equdlstant sections of different colors alternating with each other, with the smallest and largest subdivisions vin the columns of alternate pairs of sections being arranged at opposite sides of the rod from the corresponding subdivisions in the next succeeding pairs of sections. p

7. A stadia and leveling rod having a face divided longitudinally into'n plurality ot graduated columns', the length of the subdivisions of one column being a multipleot the `lengtli of the subdivisions of the next' adjacent column, and successively increasing or decreasing in passing from one side of the-rod to the other each subdivision of the columnbaving the shortest subdivisions being bisected by a `reentrant angle, 'and a ligure located on cach short subdivision operating, in connection with the rentrant angle, to divide said subdivision into four parts.

8. A stadia and leveling rod having a face longitudinally divided into three graduated columns,`the length ot' the subdivisions of each column in passing from n column of smaller to larger subdivisions, being a multiple of the next succeeding column, rentrant angles formed at one edge of the rod bisecting' the subdivisions ot one of said columns, said last-named subdivisions each having a rectangular figure thereon operating in connection with its respective rentrant angle to divide the subdivision in'to four parts,

and a diamond-shaped figure bisecting the intermediate column.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of'two subscribing witness s..

JQXMES HAST ROBERTSON.

each subdivision of 'itnesses G. A'. ELCoR, .13. C. Mosnnnr. Y f

It is hereby'certiied that the' name of the patentee in Letters Patent No. 868.365, granted October 15,-1907,.f0r an improvement in .aCombineCi Leveling and Stadia Rod, was erroneously written and printed James Hast Robertson#7 Whereas said4 nameshould, have been written and printed James Har Robertson, and the name of the firstmentioned Witness should be G.,A. Elcan instead oi'V G. A. Elcor; and that the said Letters Patent should be read withthese corrections therein that the same may conformto the record of the case'in the Patent OHice. l

signed and sealed this 7th day of January, A. D., 1908.

o. o. BILLINGS,

Acting Commissioner o f Patents.

Lette Correctionsin rs Patent No. 868

Hast Robertson, whereas said Robertson, and the name of the and that; the

name should have bven written and printed James Hart Signed and sealed this 7th day of Jauary, A. D., 1908.

C. C. BILLINGS, Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

